Articles

L’enrichissement du milieu de vie des poissons

Violaine Colson
Publié : 7 mars 2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.20870/Revue-NOVAE.2025.9243

Résumé

Comme tous les vertébrés, les poissons sont des êtres sensibles et leurs capacités cognitives ont été largement démontrées. Raffiner les conditions de vie des poissons utilisés à des fins expérimentales passe par l’enrichissement de leur milieu. Qu’il soit social, alimentaire, structurel, sensoriel ou cognitif, de nombreuses études ont démontré l’intérêt de l’enrichissement chez plusieurs espèces de poissons. Dans cet article, nous dressons un état des lieux des différentes catégories d’enrichissements applicables aux poissons, ainsi que leurs effets sur les principaux indicateurs de bien-être étudiés dans la littérature : les comportements agressifs, la flexibilité comportementale, les réponses au stress, les fonctions biologiques et les capacités cognitives. En tenant compte des contraintes de temps, de ressources et d’espace disponibles de la structure expérimentale, nous proposons des solutions concrètes pour contourner les éventuels inconvénients rencontrés, notamment pour les enrichissements structurels. Des alternatives telles que les posters, les structures suspendues et la diffusion de bulles seraient des stratégies à privilégier pour leur facilité d’entretien. Les enrichissements sensoriels auditifs et visuels (modulation de l’éclairage), ou encore l’enrichissement cognitif consistant à prévenir les poissons de la survenue d’évènements sont des stratégies dont l’efficacité pour diminuer le stress et améliorer le bien-être des poissons a été démontrée chez plusieurs espèces ; de plus, ces stratégies sont relativement simples à mettre en place dans les structures expérimentales.

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Auteurs

Violaine Colson

violaine.colson@inrae.fr

Affiliation : INRAE, UR 1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, F-35042 Rennes. Affiliation actuelle : INRAE – CNR BEA, Paris

Pays : France

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