Enrichir le milieu de vie des porcs
Résumé
Enrichir le milieu de vie permet de stimuler les comportements naturels des porcs, ainsi que leur cognition. Pour que l’enrichissement soit adapté à l’espèce, il faut bien connaître ses besoins comportementaux et son mode de vie. Les porcs sont des animaux qui sentent très bien, ont une audition performante mais voient surtout en 2D et sont myopes. Leur groin leur sert à explorer leur environnement. Ils forment des liens sociaux avec leurs congénères et peuvent se bagarrer en présence d’individus qu’ils ne connaissent pas, pour établir une hiérarchie. Capables d’apprendre et mémoriser sur du long terme, ils sont très performants au niveau cognitif. Souvent, nos situations d’élevage sont pauvres ou bien vont proposer des enrichissements inadaptés. Dans cet article nous montrons qu’il existe de nombreuses façons d’enrichir l’environnement des porcs et que certaines modalités (auditive, olfactive) ont été très peu prises en compte pour enrichir. Les enrichissements sociaux et cognitifs sont également encore peu considérés, même si quelques possibilités existent. Finalement, Il reste encore énormément de choses à développer, et les exemples de nos élevages expérimentaux devront être amenés à se généraliser.
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